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Portfolio Perspectives

Wealth & Security Planners

Current market outlook and positioning

December 2025

The Question Every Investor Should Ask

Global investment portfolios have become increasingly concentrated in a handful of US technology companies, driven by exceptional recent returns. But does this concentration represent sound diversification—or an emerging risk?

This analysis synthesises perspectives from eight distinct sources to examine the Australian versus US equity debate, the structural factors driving current market dynamics, and what this means for portfolio construction.

The consensus among thoughtful practitioners: current conditions warrant careful examination of portfolio exposures, with particular attention to currency effects, valuation metrics, and concentration risk.

39.5
S&P 500 CAPE Ratio
Historical average: ~17
87%
Currency Effect
Of apparent US outperformance (Leithner)
6.7%
Australian Equities
120-year CAGR (Dimson et al.)
6.4%
US Equities
120-year CAGR (Dimson et al.)

What the Experts Are Saying

Chris Leithner
Leithner & Company
Australian Tilt

Challenges the "US always wins" narrative with rigorous analysis. When measured in Australian dollars, up to 87% of apparent US outperformance disappears due to AUD depreciation from US$1.49 (1974) to US$0.66 (2025).

Key insight: Over 120 years (Dimson/Marsh/Staunton data), Australian equities returned 6.7% CAGR versus US 6.4%—with lower volatility.
Sebastian Ferrando
Koda Capital
US Preference

Argues US dominates global innovation in technology, AI, pharmaceuticals, and entertainment. The ASX is concentrated in mature sectors (banks, mining) better suited for income than growth.

Counter-point: Does not adjust for currency effects in published analysis—a methodological gap identified by Leithner.
Scott Berg
T. Rowe Price
Bubble Acknowledged

Explicitly identifies current conditions as a bubble: meme stocks +120%, Palantir at 100× revenue, 20% annualised returns now seen as "disappointing." Yet recommends staying invested—bubbles run longer than prudent investors expect.

Key framework: "Game of two halves"—play offense (stay invested for absolute return), then defense (outperform on the way down). During dot-com, 50%+ of 4-year returns came in the final year.
Martin Conlon
Schroders
AI Sceptic

Questions the fundamental economics of AI investment: "What profit pools will AI take from?" If AI doesn't expand the economy but merely shifts profits, current valuations assume AI companies capture value from others.

Implication: Australian equities may outperform if US AI bubble deflates—the ASX has minimal AI exposure.
Wayne Fitzgibbon
Thinking Differently
Crisis Warning

Most bearish perspective: Liberation Day meltdown was a warning signal, not a resolved crisis. Concerns include private debt "extend and pretend," crypto interconnection with traditional finance, and LLMs being "correlation engines" not revolutionary intelligence.

Position: Australian equities advantage through minimal AI exposure; government bonds should provide capital gains as rates decline.
Jim O'Neill
Former Goldman Sachs
Epistemic Humility

On gold's 47% rise: offers two competing explanations—BRICS de-dollarisation creating an alternative monetary system, or simply declining real interest rates across G7 economies.

Honest assessment: "I don't know" which case will prevail—a refreshing acknowledgment of genuine uncertainty.

Perspectives at a Glance

Source US Equities View Australian View Key Mechanism
Leithner Overvalued, returns overstated Superior risk-adjusted returns Currency adjustment, CAPE analysis
Ferrando Structural innovation advantage Mature, income-focused Sector composition
Berg Bubble but stay invested Neutral Timing risk vs opportunity cost
Conlon AI economics questionable Defensive positioning Profit pool displacement
Fitzgibbon Crisis unresolved Minimal AI exposure benefit Systemic leverage concerns
O'Neill Uncertainty acknowledged Neutral De-dollarisation vs rates

The Psychology of Market Consensus

Academic research from Pillai, Fazio & Effron (2025, Psychological Science) reveals a troubling finding: repeated exposure to any statement makes it seem more true and less unethical—even when describing wrongdoing.

The mechanism? Affective desensitisation (reduced emotional response) combined with the illusory-truth effect. In their study of 607 participants, headlines seen repeatedly were rated 1.43 points less unethical than novel ones.

Investment implication: The constant repetition of "US always outperforms" may be creating false confidence while reducing concern about concentration risk. Without deliberate effort, repeated exposure erodes both truth-detection and ethical sensitivity.

Source: Pillai, S., Fazio, L., & Effron, D. (2025). Repeated exposure to descriptions of wrongdoing increases their perceived truth and decreases judgments of their unethicality. Psychological Science.

The Adviser's Dilemma: Blindspots, Ethics & Practical Limits

👁 Cognitive Blindspots

  • Recency bias: weighting recent US outperformance as "normal"
  • Currency blindness: comparing returns without exchange rate adjustment
  • Survivorship bias: ignoring periods when US underperformed
  • Repetition-truth effect: consensus views feel more accurate
  • Herding: departing from consensus requires justification

Ethical Considerations

  • Fiduciary duty vs commercial pressure to follow consensus
  • Client expectations shaped by media coverage of US returns
  • Documentation burden for non-standard allocations
  • "Independence designed out" through process architecture (Rich)
  • Bias embedded in code, process, and policy—not intent

🔍’ Practical Limitations

  • APLs: Platform approved product lists constrain options
  • Platforms: Standardised models limit tactical flexibility
  • Tax: CGT on existing holdings creates switching costs
  • Entities: Trust, SMSF, company structures affect implementation
  • Timing: When to act remains unknowable

Graham Rich (Portfolio Construction Forum) identifies "The Fiduciary Gap"—independence being systematically designed out through architecture rather than intent. Platform eligibility, outsourced CIO functions, and standardised models naturally reward uniformity. Departing from standard allocations requires documentation that following the crowd does not.

Portfolio Framework: Seven Risk Profiles

Standard risk profiles provide a framework for matching portfolio construction to investor risk tolerance. The defensive/growth split determines exposure to capital-stable versus growth-seeking assets.

High
Conservative
85/15
Def / Growth
Conservative
70/30
Def / Growth
Moderate
Conservative
60/40
Def / Growth
Balanced
50/50
Def / Growth
Moderate
Growth
40/60
Def / Growth
Growth
30/70
Def / Growth
High
Growth
15/85
Def / Growth

Example: 50/50 Balanced Portfolio Adjustment

Based on the concerns raised in this analysis, here is how a standard balanced allocation might be adjusted to address concentration risk, currency exposure, and valuation concerns:

Standard Industry Allocation

Cash 10%
Australian Fixed Interest 25%
International Fixed Interest 10%
Credit 5%
Australian Equities 18%
Int'l Equities (Unhedged) 22%
Int'l Equities (Hedged) 5%
Property/Alternatives 5%
Gold 0%

Articles-Informed Adjustment

Cash 12% ↑2%
Australian Fixed Interest 28% ↑3%
International Fixed Interest 5% ↓5%
Credit 5%
Australian Equities 23% ↑5%
Int'l Equities (Unhedged) 12% ↓10%
Int'l Equities (Hedged) 10% ↑5%
Property/Alternatives 3% ↓2%
Gold 2% ↑2%

Rationale: Increased Australian equity allocation reflects currency-adjusted return analysis and reduced US concentration risk. Shift from unhedged to hedged international reflects AUD already at depressed levels (asymmetric risk). Gold provides crisis insurance despite elevated prices. Reduced international fixed interest and property reflects private debt concerns.

The Fundamental Choice

Most managed funds and model portfolios operate on long-term Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA)—and generally pay limited attention to current valuations. This approach has merit: it removes emotion, maintains discipline, and works well in "normal" markets.

But what if valuations do matter? What if you want more control over process and decisions?

1 Standard Approach

Accept the strategic allocation embedded in managed funds. Benefit from simplicity and consistency. Trust that over time, markets will normalise. Appropriate for many investors.

2 Valuation-Aware

Acknowledge that starting valuations affect subsequent returns. Tilt allocations based on relative value and risk assessment. Accept greater complexity for potentially better risk management.

3 Highly Personalised

Full consideration of tax position, entity structures, existing holdings, income needs, and risk tolerance. Implementation tailored to individual circumstances rather than model portfolios.

This is where advice comes in—and where Wealth & Security Planners' advisers can help.

Important Information & Disclaimers

General Advice Warning: This document contains general information only and has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation, or needs. Before acting on any information contained in this document, you should consider the appropriateness of the information having regard to your objectives, financial situation, or needs. We recommend you obtain financial, legal, and taxation advice before making any financial investment decision.

Not Personal Advice: The information provided in this infographic is not intended to be personal financial product advice and does not take into account your personal circumstances, needs, or objectives. You should consider seeking independent financial advice before making any decisions based on this information.

Past Performance: Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance. The historical returns and data presented are for illustrative purposes only. Investment values can fall as well as rise, and you may not get back the amount you invested.

Valuation Metrics: CAPE ratios, Buffett Indicator, and similar valuation measures are not reliable short-term timing indicators. Markets can remain expensive or cheap for extended periods. These metrics should be one input among many in investment analysis, not the sole basis for decisions.

Currency Risk: International investments involve currency risk. Exchange rates can fluctuate significantly and may impact investment returns either positively or negatively. Currency movements are inherently unpredictable.

Expert Opinions: The views attributed to external commentators (Leithner, Ferrando, Berg, Conlon, Fitzgibbon, O'Neill, Rich) represent their opinions at the time of publication and may have changed since. Their inclusion does not constitute endorsement by WSP, and reasonable experts may disagree on these matters.

Hypothetical Allocations: The portfolio allocations shown are illustrative examples only. Actual portfolios should be constructed based on individual circumstances, risk tolerance, investment timeframes, tax position, and other personal factors. The adjustments shown do not constitute recommendations.

Data Sources: Information is drawn from sources including Dimson/Marsh/Staunton (Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook), Reserve Bank of Australia, Shiller CAPE data, and the publications cited. While these sources are considered reliable, data accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

Regulatory Information: WSP Pty Ltd (ABN 50 197 426 140) trading as Wealth & Security Planners is a Corporate Authorised Representative (Number 276624) of Australian Financial Directions Pty Ltd (ABN 14 135 004 947, AFSL 344971). Authorised Representatives: Michael O'Hara (241386), John Claessen (241385), Simon Tomkinson (241387), Kerry Franklin (241383).

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© 2025 WSP Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. This document is for the exclusive use of clients and prospective clients of Wealth & Security Planners. Document prepared December 2025.